Freshwater Aquarium Basics

Would you like to have a freshwater aquarium but don't know what you need to get started?

Behind every beautiful freshwater aquarium is a properly selected assembly of aquarium equipment. It works to create a healthy, thriving aquatic environment. Learn more about the fundamental equipment essential for a successful aquarium setup.

Filters

Filters perform the vital function of maintaining aquarium water quality by efficiently removing pollutants and other harmful materials. Without proper filtration, your aquarium will not be able to support life. To properly match a filter to your aquarium, simply refer to the recommended aquarium size indicated on every filter. To streamline product selection, “all-in-one” aquarium systems have filters built into the unit for the ultimate in convenience.

Heaters and Thermometers

Stable water temperature is necessary for the health of your aquarium system. Aquarium heater manufacturers include suggested aquarium size for each heater. But as a general rule, select a heater that provides approximately 3 to 5 watts per aquarium gallon. For example, a 10-gallon aquarium should be outfitted with a 30- to 50-watt heater. In addition, an accurate and reliable thermometer to monitor aquarium water temperature is essential.

Lighting

Aquarium lighting provides two main functions. It illuminates your aquarium for aesthetic enjoyment of the inhabitants and decorations and provides functional light needed to support live plants in the aquarium. Light fixtures designed to do the latter are designated as “plant lights.”

Water Conditioners

Most tap water sources are not suitable for aquarium use without the addition of aquarium water conditioners. Tap water may contain chlorine, chloramine, or other chemicals harmful to aquarium fish. To make tap water suitable for aquarium use, employ aquarium water conditioners such as chlorine/chloramine removers along with beneficial nitrifying bacteria which helps establish biological filtration that naturally processes nitrogenous aquarium pollutants.

Test Kits

Test kits are essential for monitoring important aquarium water parameters such as pH, ammonia, and nitrite. Regular routine testing lets you know if the aquarium water is within an acceptable range for healthy aquarium inhabitants.

Substrate and Decorations

In addition to beautifying and personalizing your aquarium, substrate provides supplemental filtration and decorations provide important habitat for your aquarium inhabitants. A typical aquarium with a one- to two-inch layer of substrate uses roughly one to two pounds of substrate per gallon. Decorations such as driftwood, artificial plants, and rockwork can be arranged to your liking for the finishing touches.